23. だって + だから & それから
Lesson 23: だって Datte: what it REALLY means (hint: it's not a word) + dakara, sore kara
こんにちは。
Today we're going to talk about だって
and some of the issues that raises about the use of だ and です.
One of my commenters spoke about being confused by the word だって and I'm not surprised, because if you look at the Japanese-English dictionaries they tell you that
だって means because and but and even and also somebody said, which is quite a confusing pile of meanings for one so-called word.
And I say so-called word because だって isn't really even a word.
And the thing that never seems to get explained in dictionaries or anywhere else is what it
really is, what it actually means, and therefore why it carries the range of meanings that it does.
So, let's start off with the most basic meaning, which is the last one on the list,
somebody said.
だって as somebody said
だって is actually simply made up of the copula だ plus って,
which is not the て-form of anything, it's the って which is a contraction,
as we've talked about before (Lesson 18), of the quotation particle -と plus いう.
So って means -という, in other words, says a particular thing.
The -と bundles up something into a quotation and the いう says that somebody says it.
So it's really as simple as that.
(zeroが) 明日は晴れだって is simply (zeroが) 明日が晴れ**...**
晴れ means sunny or clear skies – and as with most words where there's some doubt
of what kind of word they are, they usually turn out to be nouns, 晴れ is a noun.
So, 明日は晴れだ simply means Tomorrow will be sunny.
And when we add って, we're saying, It's said that tomorrow will be fine.
We might be saying that someone in particular says it or
we may just be saying it's said in general –
I hear tomorrow will be fine, we might say in English.
They say tomorrow will be fine.
So that's very simple, and that's what だって is:
it's だ plus って, the -という contraction.
And that's what it is in all the other cases too, so let's see how it works.
How does it come to mean but?
だって as but
Well, to begin with let's understand that when it's used on its own –
and it means but when it's used on its own, not as the ending of a sentence
as in the example we just looked at –
it has a slightly childish and usually somewhat negative or argumentative feeling.
So if somebody says, さくらがきれいだね – Sakura's pretty, isn't it?
And you say だって頭が弱い.
Now 頭が弱い means literally head is weak – She is not very smart.
So it would be like saying, But she's not very smart.
But what you're actually doing here is taking the statement that the last person said and
adding the copula だ to it.
And in order to understand that let's look for a moment at something else.
ですね
Very often, when we're agreeing with something someone says, we might say ですね.
And literally that just means is, isn't it?
And how can it mean that, because really だ or です on its own doesn't mean anything.
It has to join two other things together, and neither of them are stated here.
But what です is by implication attached to is the thing the person just said.
And what it's joining it to is, by implication, something like 本当 or そう – そうですね.
So we're actually saying
That's true, isn't it? or That's the case, isn't it? or That's how it is, isn't it?
それから & だから / ですから
We also do this when we say だから or ですから, which really means because.
Now, we know that から means because;
it means literally from and therefore also means because.
From A, B. From Fact A we can derive Fact B. From Fact A, Fact B emerges.
So, から – because.
We may be tempted sometimes to say それから,
which is a literal translation of the English because of that.
But in fact それから doesn't get used to mean because of that.
それ means that and から can mean 'because",
but それから usually means after that – から in the more literal sense,
から meaning from, and in this case from in point of time rather than space.
From that forward / from that forward in time / after that; それから – after that.
To say because of that, we say ですから or だから, and this is really short for
それはそうですから or それは本当ですから.👇
We're saying because that is the case, and if you think of it,
this is more logical than what we say in English. We're saying because that is the case.
Because of that really means literally in English because that is the case
but we just cut it down to because of that, 👇
and in Japanese we just cut it down to ですから.
Back to だって as but
Now, when we understand this, we can understand だって in the sense of meaning but.
だ refers back to whatever it was the last person said,
and って simply states that they said it.
So, if someone says, さくらがきれいだね – Sakura's pretty, isn't it, isn't she?"
And you reply, だって頭が弱い.
Now, the but here is you saying You said that....
And だって is a rather childish and argumentative-sounding way of saying it, so the implication is that what comes next is going to be negating what was said.
And this works in just the same way as English but.
If you think about it, but is not saying that what came before it is untrue.
In fact it is accepting that what came before it is true, but it's then adding some information that is contrary to the impression given by that statement.
So さくらがきれいだね – Sakura is pretty –
だって...– You said that and I'm not disputing that that is the case, BUT – she's not very smart.
だって as because
So, how does it come to mean because, which in some ways seems almost opposed to but,
almost an opposite kind of meaning?
Well, let's notice that one thing that but and because have in common is that they accept the first statement.
But goes on to say something which contrasts with that statement,
while still accepting it.
Because says something that goes on to explain that statement.
And this can be a harmonious explanation which simply gives us more information about it, but it can also be a contradictory explanation.
So, for example, if someone says, You haven't done much of your homework
and you reply, Because you keep talking to me!
This could be expressed by だって in Japanese.
Again, what it's really saying is "You say that and I don't dispute it, but here's something
we can add to it which undermines the narrative that you are trying to put forward."
So you see, it doesn't literally mean either but or because.
What it means is,
I accept your statement and now I'm going to add something a bit argumentative.
In English it could be translated as either but or because
depending on the circumstances.
だって as even
So, how can it come to have the meaning of even?
Well, let's understand that this is a slightly different use.
When we use it to mean even, we're not using the だ in the way we're using it when we say だから or だって in the senses we've just talked about.
In other words, we are not simply using it to refer back to the last statement.
We're usually attaching it to something in particular within the statement we're making.
So, if you say, さくらはできる – Sakura can do that and I say 私だってできる,
which is generally translated as Even I can do that,
what we're actually saying is Say it's me,
which means in both Japanese and English Take the hypothesis that it's me
or Take the case of me in this circumstance and we're saying
私だってできる
Say it's me, I can do that.
Now, this has a different implication from 私もできる, which just means neutrally
I can do that too.
私だって, because it's very colloquial and because it's associated with this slightly
negative or contradictory implication, it means Even I can do that.
And it doesn't have to be negative in the sense of contradicting anything.
Outside the context of Sakura, we might just say, 私だってホットケーキが作れる
– Even I can make hotcakes.
INFO
Dolly-先生 misspeaks by saying 作られる, but as a Godan potential, it should be 作れる.
作られる is the receptive form of 作る - we take う off, add あ stem + れる. Potential is え + る.
And in this case, we're not saying it negatively,
but that 私だって still has the implication of even me.
It still has its slightly disparaging or negative ring, because what you're saying is here
Even someone like me, even me, who can't usually make very much, can make hotcakes.
So I hope this makes だって clearer and also the ways in which
だ/です can be used to accept and affirm previous statements made by oneself or by someone else and add something to it.